Blacksmithing 101: Beginner Tools

In this first instructional post of many, I seek to enlighten my dear readers, armchair blacksmiths and curious parties on the first step to starting your own forge. Once you begin, there is no turning back. The first forge fire you start creates a spark within you that is nearly impossible to kill. The love of mashing hot metal sticks with you forever.

Are you ready to begin? In that case, welcome, friend, to Blacksmithing 101: Beginner Tools.

Opening Remarks:
So, you've decided to build a forge and start hammering away! That is a good thing. You will not likely regret entering into an honored and age tested craft. Before you get any ideas of sword making, or making a million dollars off your metalwork, let me quench both ideas now. You will not make swords for a long time, if ever.
Second, they say the only way to make $1 million at blacksmithing is to start with $2 million.

Now, this primer is about the tools you need to set up. It is the bare bones. I will list them in the order that I see fit.

#1 Forge

A forge is a fire. There is nothing complicated about it.

You can have a fancy set up with a $500 firepot, or you can have a hole in the ground. Both work. I began in a campfire, fanned with a 5-gallon bucket lid.

A good start would be to acquire a brake-drum from an automobile, and set it up with some black pipe underneath. AVOID GALVANIZED METAL AROUND FIRE. It will kill you. (perhaps safety should have been first! Ah, water under the bridge, right?)

Let me show you a couple of different ways you can do things, if you feel inclined.

1) Purchase a pre-made forge

Here is one I bought for $75 or so. It is a small rivet forges. These will typically run you about $100-300, depending on where you are. The pan is cast iron, and is freestanding. More on the blower later.

Not my image. Please no one sue me. I'm not getting any money out of this.

2) Build a forge

(photo from Ebay.com)

You can build a forge from a brake drum, piece of sheet steel, pile of cinder blocks, etc. etc.

This one below is build out of a wood frame with sheet metal as a top.

Not my image. Please no one sue me. I'm not getting any money out of this.

This was my first forge (below). It was a firepot set on top of a tower of firebricks. You could do the same with a brake drum or a steel baking sheet with a conical clay sculpture on top. You could even just use the firebricks to contain the fuel, if you wanted.

This is my current forge (under construction. Its going to star in its own post one day!) It is a wooden frame with fencing pickets to hold the firepot, and it will be covered with mortar on top of the fencing. It stands waist high, maybe a little lower. It is ideal for me. You will end up building and rebuilding until you find what works for you.

So, simple. Right? Yes. It is.

KISS - Keep it simple, stupid. (but, don't throw a chair at me for calling you stupid.)



#2 Blower

While some may lump this with forges, I say they are two different things.

I will keep this section short; there is not too much to say.

You can use anything that pushed air. A vacuum, a hairdryer, a car heating fan, a centrifuge blower, a blowpipe with younger siblings, a 5-gallon bucket lid, etc. etc.

I use a Champion 400 Blower that I bought with the firepot for $175. Expect to pay at least $200 for a blower, depending on your area. I liked the hand-cranked, because it did not use Electricity.

Aw, its me in my younger years! Oh wait, there is a Champion 400 blower in there too!



So, whatever route you choose, a blower is just air getting to the fire, which is held in the forge. (so, it could be a pipe stuck in a hole in the ground or a fancy all in one bit.)

Fancy all-in-one bit on my forge that I bought: 

Not my image. Please no one sue me. I'm not getting any money out of this.

#3 Anvil

Nothing quite says "Blacksmith" than the shape of a London pattern anvil! Yet, what is an anvil, exactly?  Dictionary.com says: "A heavy iron block with a smooth face".

So, does it have to look like this?

Not my image. Please no one sue me. I'm not getting any money out of this.

Nope. It does not. It can be a block. It can be a chunk. It can be a boulder. The earliest anvils were granite boulders. The London Pattern (seen above) is a useful tool, but you can get by with others, as well.

The following are anvils.

Don't fret over the 'right' one. Even a heavy rock will do it.



http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J7nzmhFwGoM



So. We have fire, air, something to put the metal on. How are you going to hold it, genius? (Okay, that one is snarky. My apologies.)

#4 Tongs
First and foremost, let me tell you, you CAN leave the metal long enough to hold and forge, but eventually you'll need a pair of tongs.

A tong is a hinged piece of metal which holds hot metal so you don't have to.
The following are tongs:

If you use vise-grips or pliers, make sure they are long handled. Also, grind off the teeth. They mar the work.

Curious about the different type of tongs? Contact me for more info! Also, go to www.centaurforge.com for more info on purchasing and using!

So, Tongs. They hold metal. See? Its simple. You can find old tongs on craigslist, ebay, garage sales, estate sales, barn sales, flea markets, etc. However, make your own once you get started. Much cheaper. Just look up Brian Brazeal for a good video on how to make them. (No. I am not going to post the link. What do you want me to do, spoon feed you?)

#5 Hammers

You need a hammer. Maybe even Maxwell's silver one.

http://youtu.be/MfnpZhJ8exQ

(Yes. I give you this, but not the tong-making video. I am an evil tyrant for these brief moments you read this. You are under my control. You are now thinking of monkeys. And pineapples. You are in manual breathing mode. Mwahahahahah! )

Hammers are small rocks. At least, you can get by with them. The cavemen did. However, I recommend a small ball pein, or cross pein from the hardware store. Why not a claw hammer? They are soft.

Look closely: You can see the mushrooming and cracking. Not an ideal hammer.

This is my main 2 lb forging hammer. It is a straight pein. Guess why!

This hammer is a 16 oz ball pein, for finishing and sinking spoons into swages.

My big boy! A 4 lb engineers hammer (double faced hand sledge).

And yes, you can use a claw. Just, not ideal.

So there. Little rock on a stick to hit metal on big rock that is anvil. Simple, right? Right.

Good. Those are the tools you NEED. A following post in the BS 101 series will be the things you can make out of these. However, I am going to add an addendum.

#5 1/2 Chisel

Eventually you'll need a hacksaw, chisel, or hardy. I am going to include these in the post because, they're not necessary, but will be the first thing you'll need beyond these.

Last but not least, invest in a wire brush.

It'll help. TOTALLY NOT NECESSARY.

Closing (snide) remarks:

Think you can do it? I do. I know you can. As it says in the Good Book:

"Zillah, on her part, gave birth to Tubalcain, the ancestor of all who forge instruments of bronze and iron..." Genesis 4:22 a-b

So, we are descended from Tubalcain. And, with his and St. Eligius' intercessions, you'll be the master of the four ancient elements as you wright metal under your hammer and tongs. Welcome to the brotherhood! Let the spark never die, let the quenching of your inner fire never occur.

God bless y'all!